In the Greek "posos" and "logos" arrives "posology." For a field of medicine, the review of posology concentrates on the dosages or quantities of medicines that may be offered to realize the desired pharmacological consequences. Age, local climate, weight, gender, and time of administration are all factors that affect the outcome.
Physiological antagonism: This phenomenon describes the actions of a compound that generates effects counteracting those of A further material (a outcome comparable to that produced by an antagonist blocking the action of the agonist at a similar receptor) utilizing a mechanism that doesn't entail binding to exactly the same receptor.
An optimum drug dosage necessary to create preferred therapeutic outcome may possibly vary from person to person on account of many factors influencing the dose. These kinds of factors are proven and discussed beneath:
An individual's top and body weight are linked by a straight line, which intersects the surface region column.
Gender: Sometimes, gender can also Participate in a task in deciding the suitable dosage of a medication. Such as, Ladies might need decreased doses of particular drugs than Males on account of variances in metabolism.
It's going to take lengthier for women for getting sedated after getting morphine or barbiturate. In the course of menstruation, pregnancy, and nursing, it's important to take additional actions though providing medicines.
Fig. three demonstrates the influence of abrupt modifications in drug dose. As mentioned over, tolerance to some drug stays present for some time. Every time a drug has not been administered over a specific time period but tolerance has remained, or when innate tolerance exists, a dose different in more info the dose to which tolerance exists will result in an identical result and could also be the origin of other paradoxical drug effects described from the literature (Beasley click here et al
Drug clearance may very well be slowed in the elderly (geriatric) as a result of a reduction in renal and hepatic operate, escalating the chance of drug Create-up and eventual toxicity.
” observed Woods in 1991 (Woods 1991). Still the similarity he recognized hasn't triggered a general realization that for the body there is absolutely no elementary distinction between food items together with other exogenous substances for example drugs: they all disturb bodily processes and as being a consequence induce tolerance to their effect.
Even though this has big drawbacks, shown by As an example the doubtless lethal consequences of a modify in ecosystem in addicted topics (Siegel et al.
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4As talked over, the distortion in the curve revealed in the determine is a result of the event of tolerance. The best way the tolerance mechanism is induced in the course of this process—regardless of whether by oral triggering or by environmental cues—is of no value.
Pregnancy and Lactation: Physiological improvements through pregnancy and lactation can influence drug distribution and elimination, requiring watchful thought in figuring out ideal dosages for Expecting or breastfeeding persons.